Plädoyer für eine neue Militärstrategie – Kündigung des Atomwaffensperrvertrages

April 20, 2014

von Tomas Spahn

Der Autor ist ein in Hamburg lebender Publizist und Politikwissenschaftler.

Es gab eine Zeit, da war die unabhängige und souveräne Ukraine die drittgrößte Atommacht der Welt.  Rund 180 atomar bestückte Interkontinalraketen befanden sich aus dem gemeinsamen sowjetischen Erbe auf dem Hoheitsgebiet des jungen Staates – 130 vom Typ SS-19 (UR-100N) und 46 vom Typ SS-24 (RT-24). Daneben verfügte die Ukraine über zahlreiche strategische und taktische Nuklearwaffen.

Der junge Staat verzichtete am 2. Juli 1993 darauf, Atommacht zu sein. Am 14. Januar 1994 unterzeichneten die Präsidenten der Ukraine, der Vereinigten Staaten und der Russischen Föderation ein Abkommen über die Vernichtung des auf ukrainischem Boden verbliebenen Atomwaffenpotentials.  Im Budapester Memorandum zu den Sicherheitsgarantien schloss sich das Vereinigte Königreich den dort niederlegten Zusagen an. Sie besagten, dass die Unterzeichnerstaaten die bestehenden Grenzen der Ukraine auf Basis der KSZE-Vereinbarungen von 1975 völkerrechtlich anerkennen, keine Gewalt gegen die Ukraine anwenden oder androhen sowie keinen wirtschaftlichen Druck auf die Ukraine ausüben werden, um damit Änderungen der völkerrechtlich garantierten Grenzen zu bewirken. Weiterhin verpflichteten sich die Unterzeichner, der Ukraine im Falle, dass derartiges dennoch geschehen sollte, beizustehen und bei einer gegen die Ukraine gerichteten Aggression den UN Sicherheitsrat einzuschalten.

Ziemlich genau zwanzig Jahre später muss die Ukraine feststellen, dass jene Skeptiker in ihren eigenen Reihen, die bereits damals gegen das Abkommen votierten, Recht behalten sollten. Mittlerweile gehört die ukrainische Krim nach russischer Lesart zur Russischen Föderation. Der russische Präsident Wladimir Putin macht nicht länger einen Hehl daraus, dass auf der Krim russische Soldaten maßgeblich zur Separation beigetragen haben. Nach Abschluss dieser Operation Krim hat Russland seine Aktivität auf die Ostprovinzen der Ukraine verlagert, wo es nach dem auf der Halbinsel erprobten Muster die Herauslösung weiterer Territorien aus der Ukraine vorantreibt.

Russland – daran kann niemand einen ernsthaften Zweifel haben  – hat damit seine Zusagen aus dem Budapester Memorandum vorsätzlich gebrochen. Doch auch die USA und Großbritannien sind vertragsbrüchig geworden. Zwar haben sie die Vereinten Nationen eingeschaltet, jene in der Vereinbarung intendierte militärische Hilfe jedoch, die den freiwilligen Verzicht auf die Atomwaffen ersetzen sollte, ist ausgeblieben. Die Ukraine steht heute da als ein Staat, der von allen früheren Vertragspartnern verraten wurde. Sie muss feststellen, dass sie 1994 ihren Kettenpanzer gegen ein Negligé eingetauscht hat, das eher Begehrlichkeiten weckte als dass es lüsterne Nachbarn von der Vergewaltigung abgehalten hätte.

So sehr sich in der aktuellen Situation das Augenmerk auf den postsowjetischen Imperialismus Russlands richtet, so muss gleichwohl konstatiert werden, dass auch die USA ein unzuverlässiger Partner sind. Von Großbritannien muss in diesem Zusammenhang nicht gesprochen werden – seine Sicherheitsgarantien für die Ukraine waren schon 1994 nichts anderes als die Reminiszenz an verflossene, weltpolitische Bedeutung.

Die Frage nach dem Wert US-amerikanischer Freundschaft stellte sich im Jahr 2013 in vehementer Weise auch bei den NATO-Verbündeten in Europa – allen voran in der Bundesrepublik. Nicht die Enthüllungen der Abhörpraktiken der NSA, die man vielleicht noch als Übereifer aus dem Ruder gelaufener, hyperventilierender Geheimdienstler hätte abtun können – es ist die Verweigerung eines No-Spy-Abkommens, die in Deutschland die Frage nach Wert und Inhalt der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Freundschaft, die in US-amerikanischen Augen nichts anderes als eine Amerikanisch-Deutsche Partnerschaft ist, auf die Tagesordnung setzen.

Gilt das Nachkriegsagreement noch, wonach die USA Deutschland militärisch unterstützen, wenn es von außen angegriffen wird? Oder wird sich die zweifelnde, von inneren Gegensätzen zerrissene Großmacht wie im Falle der Ukraine auf verbale Unterstützung reduzieren und es bei dem folgenlosen Versuch einer Verurteilung der Aggression durch die vereinten Nationen belassen?

Für die Vereinigten Staaten zählten immer die eigenen Interessen. Nicht die der Partner. Deutsche Interessen sind nur dann amerikanische, wenn es amerikanische sind. Aber sind die amerikanischen Interessen in und an Deutschland noch so ausgeprägt, dass es dafür in den Krieg zieht? Nach 1945 war Deutschland spannend. Nicht nur als Bollwerk gegen den vordringenden Sowjetimperialismus, sondern auch als Markt und – zumindest in der Endphase des Krieges –als Lieferant von Militärtechnologie. Doch wie spannend ist Deutschland heute?

Als Rohstofflieferant fällt Deutschland aus. Als Knowhow-Fabrik hat es seine Führungsposition längst an die USA abgetreten. So bleibt die Rolle als strategischer Brückenkopf in Europa. Aber – reicht dafür nicht der enge Schulterschluss zwischen den USA und seiner Finanzaußenstelle England? Warum sich im Ernstfall um einen Kontinent prügeln, der nichts anderes ist als ein Wurmfortsatz am asiatischen Kontinent – und der außer ein paar hübschen Landschaften und wenigen, noch nicht ausgebeuteten Rohstoffen nichts zu bieten hat?

Deutschland, das sich unter dem Schutz der Pax Americana nach 1949 so prachtvoll entwickelte, muss den Realitäten ins Auge sehen. Um seiner kulturellen Errungenschaften, um Beethoven, Bach und Dürer wird niemand außer den Deutschen selbst für dieses Land kämpfen. Selbst das amerikanischste aller deutschen Kleinode – Ludwigs Fantasieschloss Neuschwanstein – findet sich längst im Disneyland auf US-amerikanischem Boden. Und die amerikanischen Wirtschaftsinteressen? Längst hat der deutsche, hat der europäische Markt für die USA seine prägende Position verloren. Südostasien und Afrika, aber auch Lateinamerika bilden die amerikanischen Prioritäten.

Deutschland hatte sich nach seiner vernichtenden Niederlage in der zweiten heißen Phase des 75-jährigen Krieges des europäischen Imperiums gut eingerichtet. Es verharrte in der kuscheligen Ecke des wirtschaftlichen Riesen, der sich den Luxus gönnen durfte und sogar musste, ein militärischer Zwerg zu sein. Solange die Lehren des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts galten, konnte man damit gut leben. Ein bewaffneter Krieg schien für Deutschland, schien für Kerneuropa für alle Zeit ausgeschlossen. Statt des klassischen Konflikts zwischen Mächten drängte sich die Problematik asymmetrischer Konflikte in den Vordergrund. Doch die Bedrohung durch Terroristen, die sich von der linksextremistischen Motivation hin zu einer religiös übersteigerten Begründungsfiktion wandelte, stellte niemals die Existenz von Staaten in ihren gegebenen Grenzen grundsätzlich in Frage.

So, wie das neunzehnte Jahrhundert in den Köpfen der Menschen erst mit dem imperialen Krieg 1914 endete und mit der neuen Qualität der Waffentechnik neue zivile Strategien der Kriegsvermeidung unvermeidlich machte, so signalisiert der defacto-Überfall Russlands auf die Ukraine das Ende des zwanzigsten. Jetzt – erst jetzt befinden wir uns tatsächlich im 21. Jahrhundert. Putin hat uns brutal in dieses neue Jahrhundert hineingestoßen – und es ist nicht das von vielen erwartete Jahrhundert der Klein- und Bürgerkriege, sondern es schickt sich an, die imperiale Politik, die bis 1945 das Handeln der Staatenführer bestimmte, zu reaktivieren.

Als 1989 das letzte auf Militär- statt  Wirtschaftsmacht aufgebaute Imperium implodierte, wähnten sich die bedrohten Völker Europas erlöst und begrüßten mit Jelzins demokratischer Föderation einen neuen Partner in der Völkerfamilie der sich selbst organisierenden Völker. Doch einmal mehr sollte sich Machiavellis Feststellung bewahrheiten, dass wenn ein Volk, welches gewohnt ist, unter einem Machthaber zu leben, durch irgendein Ereignis frei wird, es nur schwer seine Freiheit behauptet.

Die Entdemokratisierung Russlands kam erst schleichend, dann immer unmittelbarer. Sie war nicht zu übersehen. Doch die demokratischen Völker verschlossen ihre Augen, wollten nicht sehen, wie der Machthaber im Kreml sein Land gleichschaltete und das zarte, wenn auch noch chaotische Pflänzchen Demokratie mit den Füßen zertrat. Es soll an dieser Stelle nicht darüber befunden werden, ob Machiavelli auch mit seinem zweiten Satz recht hatte, wonach ein heruntergekommenes Volk, das sich eine freiheitliche Verfassung gegeben hat, diese nur mit großen Schwierigkeiten erhalten kann. Tatsache bleibt gleichwohl, dass Russland niemals die Chance hatte, ein demokratisches Regierungssystem ernsthaft zu erproben. Und sich die Russen selbst bis auf diesen einen kurzen Moment, an dem Jelzin auf den Panzern seiner Getreuen die stalinistischen Putschisten am Sieg ihrer Konterrevolution hinderte,  außerstande gesehen hatten, aus eigener Kraft heraus die Tyrannei abzuschaffen.

So stand der neue starke Mann Russlands auf einer langen Tradition, als er die Autonomiebewegungen in Tschetschenien und anderswo brutal unterdrückte. Der Westen blickte verstohlen zur Seite – und er tat dieses auch, als der Antidemokrat ansetzte, seinen Nachbarn Georgien für dessen prowestliche Avancen zu maßregeln. Die Annexion der Krim, die unter Bruch der russischen Zusagen von 1994 erfolgte, ist ebenfalls bereits akzeptiert.

Europa hat sich einlullen lassen von seinem selbsthypnotischen Mantra des „Nie-wieder-Krieg“. Doch dieses Mantra funktioniert nur dann, wenn alle Beteiligten es gemeinsam beten. Russland hat das Beten eingestellt – und das seit der Antike geltende Recht des Stärkeren an seine Stelle gesetzt. Im Verständnis der Westeuropäer ist dieses ein Rückfall in die völkerrechtliche Barbarei. Doch was nützt diese Feststellung, wenn sich der andere in der Rolle des Barbaren gefällt?

Putin hat Europa, hat Deutschland aus seinem friedlichen Dämmerschlaf geweckt und in das einundzwanzigste Jahrhundert katapultiert. In einem solchen Falle gibt es nur zwei Möglichkeiten.

Der unsanft Geweckte kann versuchen, sich in seinen Dämmerschlaf zu retten. Er schließt die Augen, zieht die Decke über den Kopf und hofft, dass der Störenfried ihn im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes nicht ent-deckt. Doch die Erfahrung lehrt, dass die Entdeckung spätestens dann erfolgt, wenn alle anderen Betten zerstört sind. Deutschland kann sich wieder zurücklehnen, business-as-usual betreiben und hoffen, dass dem Störenfried die Luft ausgeht, bevor nach dem eigenen Bettzipfel greift. Doch diese Hoffnung kann sich schnell als Alptraum erweisen und im bösen Erwachen enden.

Oder der unsanft Geweckte kann das tun, was jeder, der unsanft aus dem Schlaf und aus seinen wonnigen Träumen gerissen wird, tun sollte: Ohne Zögern aufstehen und darüber nachdenken, wie der Störenfried daran gehindert werden kann, eine derartige Störung zu wiederholen und gar nach dem eigenen Bett zu greifen.

Deutschland, daran führt kein Weg vorbei, ist allein auf sich gestellt mit seiner konventionellen Rüstung kein Gegner für einen Aggressor, der es ernst meint. Deshalb ist es in die NATO eingebettet und vertraut darauf, dass im Ernstfall starke Partner an seiner Seite stehen. Doch auch hier ist nicht nur angesichts der am Beispiel Grenzgarantie für die Ukraine dokumentierten Unzuverlässigkeit der USA sowie der Disoperation in Sachen NSA die Frage zulässig, wie zuverlässig diese starken Partner sind, wenn es zum Schwur kommt. Wie hoch ist der Preis, den Amerika im Zweifel für die Freiheit Europas zu bezahlen bereit ist?

Die Beantwortung dieser Frage auf den Ernstfall zu verschieben, kann bedeuten, seine Freiheit zu opfern. Und es komme niemand damit, dass Russland kein Interesse daran habe, Deutschland zu erobern. Schon die Zaren träumten vom eigenen Zugang zu allen Weltmeeren. Sie erreichten den Pazifik, das Schwarze Meer und die Ostsee. Sie standen kurzzeitig am Gelben Meer und streckten die Finger aus zum Mittelmeer. Stalin hatte die Hoffnung nie aufgegeben, auch den Atlantik nicht nur durch den Belt und vorbei am Nordkap erreichen zu können.

Wenn es die russische Politik des einundzwanzigsten Jahrhunderts ist, an die Großmachtphantasien der blauweißen und der roten Zaren anzuknüpfen, dann ist mehr bedroht als der Schwarzmeer-Anrainer Ukraine. Dann steht im Westen des russischen Imperiums das Baltikum auf dem Programm – und Polen, Deutschland, Frankreich. Dann ist die Bedrohung nicht mehr eine ferne Vergangenheit und keine irreale, paranoide Fiktion, sondern eine Realität, die auch die Ostermarschierer mit ihren Moskau-gesteuerten SDAJ-Verwirrten in der zweiten Reihe nicht unter dem Leichentuch des widerauferstandenen Jesus verstecken können.

Deutschland – daran führt kein Weg vorbei – ist gezwungen, eine neue Miltärstrategie zu entwickeln. Eine Strategie, die anders als bisher nicht den asymmetrischen Konflikt im Bund mit Alliierten in den Vordergrund stellt, sondern sich an dem klassischen Prinzip der Selbstverteidigung orientiert. Dabei dürfen wir uns keinen Illusionen hingeben: Das Deutschland des 21. Jahrhunderts wird nicht mehr in der Lage sein, Militärapparate wie vor einhundert oder vor siebzig Jahren zu mobilisieren. Allein die demografische Entwicklung lässt dieses nicht mehr zu.

Darüber sollte auch niemand eine Träne vergießen, denn diese Mobilisierungsfähigkeit war immer auch die Fähigkeit zum Führen eines Angriffskrieges. Es gilt nach wie vor: Von Deutschem Boden darf nie wieder ein Krieg ausgehen. Aber Deutschland muss in der Lage sein, unterhalb der Schwelle des Angriffskrieges für den Verteidigungsfall ein Bedrohungspotential bereit zu halten, das auch einen überlegenen Gegner davon abhält, seine Aggressionen auszuleben.

Deutschland hat dafür nur auf den ersten Blick zwei Alternativen:

Es muss in einem Bündnis verschmelzen, in dem die vereinten Kräfte ausreichen, einen potentiellen Gegner vom Angriff abzuhalten. Ein solches Bündnis kann mit Blick auf die Unzuverlässigkeit der Vereinigten Staaten nur ein Europäisches sein. Und die Partner können nur diejenigen sein, die sich in einer gemeinsamen Bedrohungslage befinden und die gemeinsam in der Lage sein können, einem konventionellen Angriff Russlands standzuhalten. Dabei ist die Schaffung solcher gemeinsamen Kommandostrukturen und Verteidigungskooperationen nichts, das einem Verbleib in der NATO entgegensteht. Ganz im Gegenteil würde es die NATO in ihrem europäischen Teil erheblich stärken.

Oder Deutschland muss sich im Rahmen eines singulären Verteidigungskonzepts in die Situation versetzen, ohne Partner jedwedem Angreifer eine Drohung vorhalten zu können, die dessen Angriffslust erstickt. Eine solche Drohung findet sich nach Stand der Dinge jedoch ausschließlich in dem Vorhalten strategischer Atomwaffen.

Deutschland kann jedoch auch einen dritten Weg beschreiten, der den ersten und den zweiten Weg verknüpft.

Es kündigt den Atomwaffensperrvertrag, um damit deutlich zu signalisieren, dass es die neue Qualität internationaler Konfliktlösungsstrategien, die von Russland entwickeln worden sind, verstanden hat.

Es tritt umgehend in konkrete Gespräche ein mit den beiden dafür prädestinierten Partnern Frankreich und Polen mit dem Ziel, innerhalb Kerneuropas eine gemeinsame Schutzzone zu errichten, auf die jeder wie auch immer geartete Angriff als gemeinsam zu beantwortender Konflikt betrachtet wird. Dieses bedingt gemeinsame Führungsstrukturen und aufeinander abgestimmte militärische Einheiten, die im Ernstfall komplex eingesetzt werden können. Die Partner dieser Schutzzone stehen dafür, weitere Länder aufzunehmen, wenn diese sich den von den Gründungspartnern entwickelten Richtlinien anschließen. Am Ende dieser Partnerschaft muss eine gemeinsame, kerneuropäische Armee stehen, die in der Lage ist, jedwede Herausforderung anzunehmen.

Die Partner der Gespräche über die Gründung einer kerneuropäischen Schutzzone halten an der Strategie des nuklearen Gegenschlages fest. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Force de Frappe mit Unterstützung der Partner auf dem jeweils aktuellen Stand der Militärtechnik gehalten und weiterentwickelt und als gemeinsame Verteidigungswaffe in das Schutzbündnis eingebracht.

Mir ist bewusst, dass dieses Plädoyer auf zahllose Gegner stoßen wird – allen voran jene, die im Denken des nuklearen Konflikts der fünfziger Jahre verfangen sind und jene, die seit eh das Heil der Welt in Russland gesehen haben. Es steht auch zu erwarten, dass es US-amerikanische Vorbehalte geben wird, weil die kerneuropäische Force de frappe ebenso wie die französische nicht zwangsläufig in die Kommandostrukturen der NATO eingebettet ist – sie muss ein militärisches Instrument bleiben, über deren Einsatz  ausschließlich die unmittelbar Bedrohten in einer äußersten Krisensituation zu befinden haben.

Auch soll der Hinweis nicht unterbleiben, dass der hier vorgeschlagene Aufbau einer gemeinsamen kerneuropäischen Militärstrategie unter Einbeziehung der atomaren Abschreckung dann möglicherweise aufgeschoben werden kann, wenn Russland sich wider Erwarten zurück bewegen sollte auf den Stand der internationalen Gepflogenheiten der vergangenen dreißig Jahre.  Jedoch – wie viel Glauben wäre selbst dann jemandem zu schenken, der einen Vertrag nach gerade zwanzig Jahren einseitig nicht einmal kündigt, um ihn außer Kraft zu setzen?

Wir müssen – leider – konstatieren: Der Traum von einer europäischen Zukunft ohne Waffen ist seit dem März 2014 bis auf weiteres ausgeträumt. Nach wie vor gilt Machiavellis Leitsatz “Before all else, be armed”. Deutschland und die freien Staaten Europas können das zur Kenntnis nehmen und darauf angemessen reagieren. Oder sie können sich weiterhin selbst einlullen und damit das unverhohlene Ziel der russischen Politik, ein einiges Westmitteleuropa außerhalb russischer Hegemonie zu verhindern, Wirklichkeit werden lassen.

© 2014 / 20.04. Spahn / FoGEP

Die in HIRAM7 REVIEW veröffentlichten Essays und Kommentare geben nicht grundsätzlich den Standpunkt der Redaktion wieder.


Aftermaths of the Ukraine Coup d’État: The new cold war between Russia and the U.S.

February 23, 2014

An Op-Ed by Narcisse Caméléon, deputy editor-in-chief

“The main foundations of every state, new states as well as ancient or composite ones, are good laws and good arms. You cannot have good laws without good arms, and where there are good arms, good laws inevitably follow.” Niccolò Machiavelli

NATO EXPANSION

Putin will probably address the U.S. missile shield, saying Russia would have to respond militarily if the United States continues to deploy elements of the shield to Eastern European countries (especially Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and now Ukraine).

In the past, Russia also accused NATO of building up naval forces in the Black Sea, though the United States cancelled plans to send a ship to the region.

The Black Sea is critical to Russian defense – the NATO does not have the ability to project power through land forces against Russia but has naval capacity to potentially limit Russian operations in the area. The best way to deal with Russia isn’t to attempt to isolate it, but to cooperate with it.

Anyway: the European people will likely pay the biggest price for the Coup d’État in Ukraine, as this conflict could lead to a civil war and to further instability in the continent.

Never touch a running system.

Let’s see what happens next.


Osama Bin Laden – A New Book by Michael Scheuer

February 14, 2011

In Osama bin Laden, Michael Scheuer, former chief of the CIA’s bin Laden Unit and author of the bestseller Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terror, provides an objective and authoritative portrait of bin Laden that shows him to be devout, talented, patient, and ruthless. Scheuer delivers a hard-headed, closely reasoned portrait of America’s most implacable enemy.

"No American knows bin Laden better than Scheuer." (Craig Whitlock, National Security Correspondent, The Washington Post)
“No American knows bin Laden better than Scheuer.” (Craig Whitlock, The Washington Post)

To purchase this book, please click here.


U.S. Senate gives approval to new START Treaty with Russia

December 22, 2010

The U.S. Senate has voted to end debate (as we previously reported) on a new arms control treaty with Russia. Several Republican senators supported the new START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) treaty in what would be a bipartisan success for U.S. President Barack Obama.

President Barack Obama attends a New START Treaty meeting hosted by Vice President Joe Biden in the Roosevelt Room of the White House, Nov. 18, 2010. Seated with them, clockwise from left, are: former Secretaries of State James A. Baker III and Dr. Henry A. Kissinger; Vice Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. James E. Cartwright; former Secretary of State Dr. Madeleine Albright; former National Security Advisor Gen. Brent Scowcroft; former Secretary of Defense Dr. William Perry; Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel B. Poneman; Senator John F. Kerry, D-Mass; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Senator Richard G. Lugar, R-Ind.; Deputy Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs Brian P. McKeon. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)

President Barack Obama attends a New START Treaty meeting hosted by Vice President Joe Biden in the Roosevelt Room of the White House, Nov. 18, 2010. Seated with them, clockwise from left, are: former Secretaries of State James A. Baker III and Dr. Henry A. Kissinger; Vice Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. James E. Cartwright; former Secretary of State Dr. Madeleine Albright; former National Security Advisor Gen. Brent Scowcroft; former Secretary of Defense Dr. William Perry; Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel B. Poneman; Senator John F. Kerry, D-Mass; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Senator Richard G. Lugar, R-Ind.; Deputy Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs Brian P. McKeon. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)

U.S. Senate approval could smooth the way for further arms reductions beyond the limits set by START, which requires both sides to decrease stockpiles to 1,550 strategic warheads.

The text of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) signed in April 2010 can be read here.

In a Brookings paper released early this month, Steven Pifer, foreign policy analyst and former ambassador to Ukraine, argues that future arms reductions talks with Russia won’t be easy to negotiate, since Russia relies on tactical nuclear weapons to balance conventional imbalances with China and NATO.

Read full story.


Why the U.S. Senate should ratify new nuclear treaty with Russia

November 17, 2010

The U.S. Senate’s chief Republican negotiator on the New START Treaty, Senator Jon Kyl, announced early this week he will block the vote in this session.

A White House fact sheet on the treaty can be read here. Meanwhile, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton planned to meet with congressional leaders today to convince them to vote for the treaty’s passage.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates argue for New START’s passage in the following Washington Post op-ed.

“For decades, American inspectors have monitored Russian nuclear forces, putting into practice President Ronald Reagan’s favorite maxim, “Trust, but verify.” But since the old START Treaty expired last December, we have relied on trust alone. Until a new treaty comes into force, our inspectors will not have access to Russian missile silos and the world’s two largest nuclear arsenals will lack the stability that comes with a rigorous inspection regime.”

Read full story.


The Beginning of the End for NATO?

October 15, 2010

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and Defense Secretary Robert Gates said the cuts to defense budgets in Britain and other European countries endangered the strength of NATO, which requires members to spend 2 percent of national income on defense.

“As nations deal with their economic problems, we must guard against the hollowing out of alliance military capability by spending reductions that cut too far into muscle,” Gates said. British Foreign Secretary William Hague rejected the concerns, saying Britain will remain a reliable U.S. ally. Britain’s planned cuts – which could shave off more than six hundred thousand public-sector jobs by 2015 – would make it the most aggressive deficit-reducer among major economies.

On STRATFOR, analyst Marko Papic says perceptions of the “threat environment” that unifies NATO have undermined in the post-Cold War era, marking the beginning of the end for the alliance.

Read full story.


Pentagon Officials Renew Military Relations With China

October 6, 2010

The Pentagon, signaling a softening in its relationship with the Chinese military, announced that U.S. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates will meet with a Chinese counterpart next week in Vietnam and will likely visit Beijing early next year.

Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates escorts Chinese army Gen. Xu Caihou, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Oct. 27, 2009, to a conference room at the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., where they will hold discussions on a broad range of security topics.  (DoD photo by R. D. Ward/Released)

Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates escorts Chinese army Gen. Xu Caihou, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Oct. 27, 2009, to a conference room at the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., where they will hold discussions on a broad range of security topics. (DoD photo by R. D. Ward/Released)

Ties between the two militaries were suspended in January 2010, when China protested a $6.4 billion U.S.-Taiwan arms deal.

Read full story.


Bob Woodward’s New Book: Obama’s Wars – in Afghanistan and within the White House

September 30, 2010

Top investigative reporter Bob Woodward reveals Obama’s exit strategy in Afghanistan against U.S. military and the State Department.

Bob Woodward's Book Says Afghanistan Divided The White House

Bob Woodward’s Book Says Afghanistan Divided The White House

George Friedman, founder of the private intelligence corporation Stratfor, says President Barack Obama is “not going to order a complete withdrawal of all combat forces any time soon – the national (and international) political alignment won’t support such a step. At the same time, remaining in Afghanistan is unlikely to achieve any goal and leaves potential rivals like China and Russia freer rein.”

In the Washington Post, an adaptation of Bob Woodward‘s new book Obama’s Wars describes President Obama’s long-held view that Afghanistan was threatened by a “cancer” in Pakistan, which was a safe haven where al-Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban could recruit Westerners whose passports allowed them to move freely in Europe and North America.

Bob Woodward reveals the conflicts within the White House through exhaustive accounts of two dozen closed-door secret strategy sessions and nearly 40 private conversations between Obama and Cabinet aides and intelligence officials.

Tensions frequently turned personal. National security adviser James L. Jones confidentially mentioned Obama’s political aides as “the water bugs,” the “Politburo,” the “Mafia,” or the “campaign set.” General David Petraeus, who felt excluded by the new administration, told an aide that he considered the president’s senior adviser David Axelrod to be “a complete spin doctor.”

Read full story.


Interview with ISAF Commander David Petraeus

September 20, 2010

Although violence in Afghanistan‘s parliamentary elections over the weekend could be a serious setback for U.S. efforts, some experts see an opportunity for change if the elections lead to serious conversations about corruption.

General David Howell Petraeus

General David Howell Petraeus

In the Hamburg weekly Der Spiegel, U.S. commander David Petraeus says despite polls that show 70 percent of the Afghan population has no confidence in their national parliament, other polls show “that Afghans are optimistic about their future.” There is “understandable concern about the pace of progress, which also means that there are high expectations.”

Read full story.


U.S. Senate Approves Arms Treaty With Russia

September 16, 2010
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Richard Lugar and Committee member Barack Obama at a base near Perm, Russia. This is where mobile launch missiles are being destroyed by the Nunn-Lugar program.

Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Richard Lugar and Committee member Barack Obama at a base near Perm, Russia. This is where mobile launch missiles are being destroyed by the Nunn-Lugar program.

The U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee voted 14 to 4 to approve the Obama administration‘s START nuclear treaty with Russia, after Republicans‘ concerns about missile defense and modernization of the nuclear arsenal were addressed.

Read full story.


Nuclear Posture Review Charts New U.S. Positions

April 7, 2010

The Obama administration‘s Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) charts new positions on potential targets of U.S. atomic weapons, preventing proliferation, and developing new weapons.

The 2010 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) outlines the Administration’s approach to promoting the President’s agenda for reducing nuclear dangers and pursuing the goal of a world without nuclear weapons, while simultaneously advancing broader U.S. security interests. The NPR reflects the President’s national security priorities and the supporting defense strategy objectives identified in the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review.

After describing fundamental changes in the international security environment, the NPR report focuses on five key objectives of our nuclear weapons policies and posture:

1. Preventing nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism;

2. Reducing the role of U.S. nuclear weapons in U.S. national security strategy;

3. Maintaining strategic deterrence and stability at reduced nuclear force levels;

4. Strengthening regional deterrence and reassuring U.S. allies and partners; and

5. Sustaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear arsenal.”

Read full story.


USA and France Press for Quick Iran Sanctions

March 31, 2010

At a joint White House news conference, U.S. President Barack Obama, with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, said he wanted approval within weeks for tougher UN sanctions against Iran over its nuclear program.

President Barack Obama and President Nicolas Sarkozy of France have a discussion in the Blue Room of the White House before their joint press availability, March 30, 2010. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)

President Barack Obama and President Nicolas Sarkozy of France have a discussion in the Blue Room of the White House before their joint press availability, March 30, 2010. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)

The White House – Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release
March 30, 2010

Remarks by President Obama and President Sarkozy of France during Joint Press Availability

East Room

4:56 P.M. EDT

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Please, everybody have a seat. Good afternoon. Bienvenue. 

I am delighted to welcome my dear friend, President Sarkozy, to the White House. And I also want to welcome to the United States the First Lady of France, and Michelle and I are very much looking forward to hosting our guests at dinner this evening.

Now, I have to point out that the French are properly famous for their cuisine, and so the fact that Nicolas went to Ben’s Chili Bowl for lunch — (laughter) — I think knows — shows his discriminating palate. My understanding is he had a half-smoke, so he was sampling the local wares. And we appreciate that very much.

This visit is an opportunity to return the hospitality that the President and the French people have shown to me during my visits to France. And that includes our family’s wonderful visit to Paris last summer. Michelle and I will never forget the opportunity to introduce our daughters for the first time to the City of Lights. And I don’t think that Sasha will ever forget celebrating her 8th birthday at the Élysée Palace with the President of France. That’s a pretty fancy way for an 8-year-old to spend their birthday.

Today, President Sarkozy and I have reaffirmed the enduring ties between our countries. France is our oldest ally, and one of our closest. We are two great republics —- bound by common ideals —- that have stood together for more than two centuries, from Yorktown to Normandy to Afghanistan. 

Under President Sarkozy’s leadership, France has further secured its rightful place as a leader in Europe and around the world, recognizing that meeting global challenges requires global partnerships. France took the historic step of returning to NATO’s military command, and we are working to revitalize our transatlantic bonds, including a strong, capable European Union, which the United States firmly supports — because a close transatlantic partnership is critical to progress, whether it’s applying our combined strength to promote development and confront violent extremism in Africa, or reconstruction in Haiti, or advancing peace from the Caucasus to the Middle East.

Mr. President, on behalf of the American people, I also want to thank you for your personal efforts to strengthen the partnership between our countries.  We first met four years ago. I was a senator then; Nicolas was still running for President at the time, and I immediately came to admire your legendary energy —- and your enthusiasm for what our countries can achieve together. That was the spirit of your eloquent speech to Congress three years ago, which deeply moved many Americans.

Over the past year, the President and I have worked closely on numerous occasions. We respect one another and understand one another, and we share a belief that through bold yet pragmatic action, our generation can bend the arc of history toward justice and towards progress. And this shared commitment to solving problems allowed us to advance our common interests today.

We agreed to continue working aggressively to sustain the global economic recovery and create jobs for our people. And this includes, as we agreed with our G20 partners at Pittsburgh, to replacing the old cycle of bubble and bust with growth that is balanced and sustained. And this requires effective coordination by all nations. To that end, I updated the President on our efforts to pass financial reform, and I look forward to the Senate taking action on this landmark legislation so we never repeat the mistakes that led to this crisis.

We must provide sufficient oversight so that reckless speculation or reckless risk-taking by a few big players in the financial markets will never again threaten the global economy or burden taxpayers. We must assure that consumers of financial products have the information and safeguards that they need, so their life savings are not placed in needless jeopardy. And that’s why I press for the passage of these reforms through Congress when they return, and I will continue to work with President Sarkozy and other world leaders to coordinate our efforts, because we want to make sure that whatever steps we’re taking, they are occurring on both sides of the Atlantic. 

We agreed that sustained and balanced growth includes rejecting protectionism.  France is one of our largest trading partners. And we need to expand global commerce, not constrain it.  With that regard, we think it’s important that Doha trade negotiations move forward this year, and we need all interested parties to push for a more ambitious and balanced agreement that opens global markets. And we look forward to France’s presidency of both the G8 and G20 next year. So Nicolas is going to be very busy.

To address climate change, we agreed that all nations aligned with the Copenhagen accord must meet their responsibilities. And I would note that President Sarkozy’s leadership has resulted in significant new resources to address deforestation around the world. Upcoming meetings at the United Nations and the Major Economies Forum will be an opportunity for nations to follow up their Copenhagen commitments with specific and concrete actions that reduce emissions.

We reaffirmed our commitment to confront the greatest threat to global security —- the spread of nuclear weapons. And I updated President Sarkozy on our new START treaty with Russia. I look forward to welcoming President Sarkozy back to Washington in two weeks for our summit on securing vulnerable nuclear material so that they never fall into the hands of terrorists. 

We discussed our shared determination to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. On this the United States and France are united, are inseparable.  With our P5-plus-1 partners, we offer Iran good faith proposals to resolve this matter through diplomacy. But Iran thus far has rejected those offers. Today, the international community is more united than ever on the need for Iran to uphold its obligations. And that’s why we’re pursuing strong sanctions through the U.N. Security Council. 

And finally we discussed our efforts to advance security and peace around the world, including in the Middle East, where we agree that all sides need to act now to create the atmosphere that gives the proximity talks the best chance to succeed. 

I shared my impressions from my discussions with President Karzai on the urgent need for good government and development in Afghanistan. As I told our troops, we salute our coalition partners, and that includes France, which is one of the largest contributors to the NATO mission, and which has given its most precious resource, the lives of its young men and women, to a mission that is vital to the security of both our countries’ and the world’s security.

So I thank President Sarkozy for his visit and for the progress that our countries have made today, in large part because of his extraordinary leadership. We are global partners facing global challenges together, and I think that Nicolas will agree that when it comes to America’s oldest ally, we’ve never been closer.

So I’ll simply close with words that one American leader expressed to another French partner more than 200 years ago, because Washington’s words to Rochambeau reflect the bonds between our countries today: We are “fellow laborers in the cause of liberty and we have lived together as brothers should do — in harmonious friendship.” 

In that spirit, I welcome President Nicolas Sarkozy.

PRESIDENT SARKOZY:  Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you for your invitation. I think that we can say — I stand to be corrected by Bernard Kouchner and Christine Lagarde — but I think we can say that rarely in the history of our two countries has the community of views been so identical between the United States of America and France.

To wit, one example, which is that France would not be stepping next year into the presidency of the G20 had the United States of America not supported France for this presidency. Now, there are the words, there are the statements, and then there are the facts, the acts, and that is a fact. 

Now, I will not repeat what President Obama so eloquently said. On Afghanistan, we support President Obama’s strategy. We cannot afford to lose — not for us, not for ourselves, but for Afghanistan and for the people of Afghanistan, who are entitled to live in freedom. Of course the road is arduous. Of course nothing can be anticipated. And of course we are so sorrowful for the loss of young lives. But we have to have the courage to go to the end of our strategy and explain that there is no alternative strategy.  Defeat would be too high a price for the security of Americans, the French, and Europeans. By fighting in Afghanistan, what we are fighting for is world security, quite simply.

Now, on Iran, I am very satisfied with what President Obama has said. The time has come to take decisions.  Iran cannot continue its mad race. Now, we don’t want to punish Iran, which deserves better than what it has by way of leadership today, and therefore fully support in order to get stronger, tougher sanctions at the Security Council and take the necessary decisions is what you have. I have said to President Obama that with Angela Merkel and Gordon Brown we will make all necessary efforts to ensure that Europe as a whole engages in the sanction regime.

On the Middle East, it’s excellent news to hear that the United States are thus engaged. Of course peace in the Middle East is the — is something which concerns primarily the Israelis and the Palestinians. However, the absence of peace in the Middle East is a problem for all of us, because what it does is keep feeding terrorism all over the world. And I wish to express my solidarity vis-à-vis President Obama in condemning the settlement process. Everybody knows how engaged and committed I am vis-à-vis Israel’s security, but the settlement process achieves nothing and contributes in no way to Israel’s safety and security. There comes a time when you have to take initiatives in favor of peace.

Now, on financial regulation, again, it’s great news for the world to hear that the United States is availing itself of rules, adopting rules so that we not go back to what we have already experienced. And during the French presidency of the G20, Tim Geithner, Christine Lagarde are going to be working hand-in-glove in order to go even further in regulating world capitalism, and in particular, raising the issue of a new world international monetary order.

On all these subjects there’s much convergence of views. And of course I want to say to President Obama how glad we were for him and for the USA to hear of the successful passing of the health care reform. 

And insofar as the President has revealed a secret — namely, where I had lunch today — I should say that I have a good friend in Washington who had actually recommended that restaurant. When I walked in I saw a huge photograph of President Obama. And I’m afraid that when you go back to that restaurant you may see a smaller photograph of the French President.  (Laughter.)

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  We’ve got time for a couple of questions. I’m going to call on Ben Feller. There you are, Ben — AP.

Q    Thank you, sir. Thank you for your patience. President Obama, you’ve talked about the importance of having consequences for Iran over its nuclear program, but is there ever a real deadline? What is your specific timeline for U.N. sanctions on Iran? And is it one that the American people can believe in?

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Well —

Q   I’m sorry, sir, I just wanted to ask President Sarkozy, you said yesterday in New York that the world needs an open America, an America that listens. I’m wondering if you can elaborate; specifically if you think President Obama is open to the world and is listening to you.

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, let me answer the second question, even though that was to Nicolas. I listen to Nicolas all the time. I can’t stop listening to him.  (Laughter.) 

On Iran, we came in with a very clear approach and a very clear strategy, and it was an open book to the world. We said we would engage Iran and give them an opportunity to take the right path, a path that would lead to prosperity and opportunity for their people and a peaceful region, and one in which they would allow themselves to become a full-fledged member of the community of nations. The alternative path was further isolation and further consequences.

We mobilized the international community around this approach, including partners like Russia that in the past might have been more hesitant to take a firmer stance on Iran’s nuclear program. What we said, though, was that there was going to be a time limit to it and that if we had not seen progress by the end of the year, it was time for us to move forward on that sanctions track.

My hope is that we are going to get this done this spring. So I’m not interested in waiting months for a sanctions regime to be in place; I’m interested in seeing that regime in place in weeks. And we are working diligently with our international partners, emphasizing to them that, as Nicolas said, this is not simply an issue of trying to isolate Iran; it has enormous implications for the safety and the security of the entire region. We don’t want to see a nuclear arms race in the Middle East.

A conflict in the Middle East as a consequence of Iran’s actions could have a huge destabilizing effect in terms of the world economy at a time when it’s just coming out of a very deep recession. 

The long-term consequences of a nuclear-armed Iran are unacceptable.  And so Nicolas, myself and others agree that we have engaged; the door remains open if the Iranians choose to walk through it. But they understand very clearly what the terms of a diplomatic solution would be. And in the interim we are going to move forcefully on a U.N. sanctions regime.

Now, do we have unanimity in the international community? Not yet. And that’s something that we have to work on. We think that we are in a much stronger position to get robust sanctions now than we were a year ago prior to us initiating our strategy.

But it’s still difficult, partly because, let’s be honest, Iran is a oil producer and there are a lot of countries around the world that, regardless of Iran’s offenses, are thinking that their commercial interests are more important to them than these long-term geopolitical interests. And so we have to continue to apply pressure not just on Iran but we have to make sure that we are communicating very clearly that this is very important to the United States.

Q   You can get unanimity within weeks?

PRESIDENT OBAMA: We think that we can get sanctions within weeks.

PRESIDENT SARKOZY: Well, I’ve read many comments — and I must say I’ve been quite amused — on the relations between European leaders and the President of the United States. I say I’m amused because I’ve thought to myself, well, when we speak to one another, people must be listening to our phone calls because I have seen reports on conversations and discussions which in no way resemble anything that has ever taken place between Barack Obama and myself. 

Now, why is it easy for us to work? And I speak on behalf of Chancellor Merkel, Gordon Brown, and other leaders. Well, because President Obama, when he says something, keeps his word. His word is his bond. And that is so important.  There’s a joke among us — we don’t like surprises. Well, from my point of view, there’s no surprises. When he can, he delivers. When he can’t, he says so. So there are no surprises. And we try to be likewise.

Furthermore, secondly, on all topics — and there have been some pretty tough topics. I mean, for instance, bonus — taxes on bonuses, regulation, financial regulations — pretty heavy going stuff — Copenhagen. I mean, I happen to think that President Obama is a step ahead of public opinion in the United States on this. But we’re constantly talking about it. It’s even President Obama who wanted us to have a call conference, a videoconference virtually every month with Angela Merkel and Gordon Brown.

Now, this doesn’t really mean that we absolutely agree neck and neck on everything, but we talk amongst ourselves. And this is a novelty from the point of view of Europe whenever we look at the United States that everything is put on the table, anything can be discussed, everything can be discussed.

What matters, you see, is not whether we agree once systematically before we’ve even started discussing — that’s suspicious — it’s to say whatever divergence of views we have, we can talk about it among ourselves. And I say things very frankly to you, and this is what all we European leaders believe and think.

I’ve also heard it said that Europe was less interested in the United States. Well, for heaven’s sake, how many times do we have to come over to show that we are interested? What would it mean if we were interested?

So, very frankly and very honestly on this, not only is it not an issue, not a problem, but it’s great to be able to work under such conditions. I would say that what I have to say about President Obama is the same as what Bernard Kouchner could say about Hillary Clinton, or Christine Lagarde about Tim Geithner. We’re constantly having a dialogue. 

I could even take you — give you an example of something on which we don’t necessarily agree, such as Syria — or we didn’t agree.  France took an initiative, as you know. Well, I’ll say this to you: At no point, no point, has President Obama turned his back on what we were doing. Constantly he’s watching, he’s listening. We’re constantly exchanging information on the subject. Even when there are more complex topics, including in our relations with the Russians, before even we inform our Russian — the Russians or our partners, I pick up the phone, I call President Obama, and he knows exactly what we’re going to do and why we’re going to do it. You follow me on that?

So, there may be disagreements, but never for the wrong reasons. And as we are very transparent on both sides, there’s confidence, there’s trust. And I really think I can say that. There’s a lot of trust.

Now, trust always helps one overcome perhaps diverging interests. It may be that the United States of America has slightly different interests of those of France, but the bedrock of trust between us is something that he also has with all European leaders. And I don’t say this to please you. I said this is true. And I took two examples of two topics that could, in other tide, other times, have led to head-on collision, and which in this case, on the contrary, are looked at on both sides of the Atlantic as a situation where we are complementary.

Perhaps he said, well, maybe on Syria, France is on the right track, and maybe one day we’ll have the opportunity to do likewise, and that’s exactly the way we work.

Go ahead, I’m not the one with the mic.

Q Since you’ve just talked about the United — the relations between Europe and United States, didn’t you get a bad surprise, a nasty surprise, on the Pentagon’s decision on the tanker planes, which reversed the decision which had originally been taken in favor of Airbus? Did you raise this subject with President Obama? And if so, did you try and put together a new approach so as to ensure that the competition would be fairer, new version of this contract with the Pentagon, and don’t you think that it would be probably fair to share this contract with the Europeans, since they are now full members of NATO and that they share the price of the war on the ground?

PRESIDENT SARKOZY: If I said I hadn’t raised it, it would mean that what I’ve just told you would be meaningless and senseless. Of course we’ve talked about it — and President Obama will give you his answer. But I said to him, I trust you. And I do trust him. If you say to me that the request for proposals, the call for tenders will be free, fair and transparent, then we say EADS will bid and we trust you.

PRESIDENT OBAMA: What I said to President Sarkozy is, is that the process will be free and fair, and that the trust is justified.

Now, it’s important for my European friends to understand that, at least here, the Secretary of Defense makes procurement decisions. The President does not meddle in these decisions. And that’s a longstanding policy. So I maintain an arm’s length approach, but I have assurances from Secretary of Defense Gates that, in fact, the re-bidding process is going to be completely transparent, completely open, and a fair competition. That’s in our interests. It’s in the interest of American taxpayers, and it’s also in the interest of our young men and women who rely on this equipment in order to protect this nation.

And it’s important to note, I think, for those of you who don’t know Secretary Gates, this is somebody who has actually taken on the military and weapons systems establishment and initiated some very significant procurement reforms that nobody ever thought would happen here in Washington. So he’s somebody who’s willing to call it like it is and make difficult decisions, and he will do so in this situation as well.

Thank you very much, everybody.


U.S. Marines launch major offensive in Afghanistan since 2001

February 12, 2010

Thousands of U.S. Marines and Afghan soldiers traveling in helicopters and mine-resistant vehicles began punching into a key Taliban stronghold in southern Afghanistan as one of the largest operations since 2001 to assert government control over this country got underway.

Read full story.


XXI Annual U.S. Army War College Strategy Conference: Defining War for the 21st Century

February 4, 2010

The 2010 US Army War College Strategy Conference, “Defining War for the 21st Century,” brings together the world’s foremost experts to examine this critical issue of the post-September 11 world.

What is WAR and why does it matter?

The U.S. Army and the other Armed Services exist to fight and win America’s wars. In the current operational environment, the definition of “fighting and winning America’s wars” is the subject of intense debate. In its ongoing effort to stimulate intellectual discourse, to foster informed policymaking processes, and to develop effective U.S. strategy in the post-September 11 world, the U.S. Army War College will host its 21st Annual Strategy Conference from April 6-8, 2010. Many of the world’s foremost experts on the changing nature of war will attend and participate in this year’s conference titled, “Defining War for the 21st Century,” with the goal of clarifying the issues, outlining the debates, and generating strategic options.

The keynote speaker for this year’s conference is Gen (R) Anthony Zinni, USMC, and the tentative agenda includes five panels that will debate the essence of the following questions for the purpose of “Defining War for the 21st Century:”

  • Why does it matter how we define war?
  • How does a nation know it is at war?
  • Will all “wars” have discernable start and end points, or will some “wars” have no definable end?
  • What are the political and social implications when the political elite and general polity differ in their interpretations?
  • What are the dangers of misusing or overusing the “war” label?
  • Must a new “theory of war” be developed?
  • What are the dimensions of war – unrestricted war, lawfare, hybrid war, cold war, asymmetric war, cyber war?
  • What are the challenges in defining victory?

Register online.


UK Military Cuts

January 13, 2010

The British armed forces could be forced to contract by up to 20 percent by 2016 because of rising costs, according to the military think tank Royal United Services Institute (RUSI):

“Between 1988 and 2008, the core real defence budget fell by 9%. Yet this same period saw a fall in the number of ground formations by 28%, a reduction in available aircraft by 33%, and a reduction in major vessels by 47%. This growth in the unit cost of front-line capabilities – averaging 1.7% per annum – resulted from continuing efforts to improve the qualitative effectiveness of the armed forces. It also reflected the growing costs of attracting high-quality candidates into a military career at a time of rising earnings in the wider economy.”

Read full story.


The debate over intelligence services in Afghanistan

January 5, 2010
 
 

The lives of 83 fallen CIA officers are represented by 83 stars on the CIA Memorial Wall in the Original Headquarters building.

The lives of 83 fallen CIA officers are represented by 83 stars on the CIA Memorial Wall in the Original Headquarters building.

A U.S. military intelligence officer in Afghanistan, Major General Michael Flynn, Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence (CJ2), for the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan since June 2009, sharply criticized the work of U.S. intelligence agencies in the country.

In a report issued yesterday by the Center for a New American Security, Flynn said intelligence agencies were still “unable to answer fundamental questions about the environment in which U.S. and allied forces operate and the people they are trying to protect and persuade.”

He said U.S. intelligence should focus less on al-Qaeda and the Taliban and look at the larger picture of how Afghanistan operates.

Read full story.

Update: Meanwhile, Jordanian officials say the Jordanian double agent, Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi, who staged a suicide attack on a CIA base last week had supplied intelligence agencies with relevant leads about al-Qaeda plots, amid criticism that lax security procedures allowed the man to enter the CIA base.

***

Check out also following stories:


How We Can Win in Afghanistan

October 14, 2009
 

U.S. Soldiers with the 101st Division Special Troops Battalion, 101st Airborne Division watch as two Chinook helicopters fly in to take them back to Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, November 4, 2008.

U.S. Soldiers with the 101st Division Special Troops Battalion, 101st Airborne Division watch as two Chinook helicopters fly in to take them back to Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, November 4, 2008.

The most pressing issue on the U.S. president’s agenda today is whether he will commit more troops to Afghanistan – the “good war.”

In an article published in the November issue of Commentary Magazine, military historian Max Boot brings all his expertise to bear on explaining how the U.S. can win in that Taliban-plagued country.

But first we have to win the battle at home – the battle to convince Barack Obama to learn the right lessons from history and to heed the wise counsel of his own general, Stanley A. McChrystal.

Read full story.


General Stanley A. McChrystal’s military strategy in Afghanistan

October 6, 2009
General Stanley A. McChrystal‘s review of U.S. military strategy in Afghanistan, in which the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan calls for an increase in troops, can be read here.

The Washington Post also reports on the military debate over whether to withdraw from isolated rural parts of Afghanistan where U.S. troops are more vulnerable to attack and refocus on urban centers.

Read full story.

President Barack Obama meets with General Stanley A. McChrystal, in the Oval Office at the White House, May 19, 2009.

President Barack Obama meets with General Stanley A. McChrystal, in the Oval Office at the White House, May 19, 2009.


The United States commemorates 9/11 anniversary

September 11, 2009

Memorial services in New York, Washington, and Pennsylvania commemorate the anniversary of the 9/11 terror attacks. Eight years ago, al-Qaeda terrorists from Hamburg, Germany, hijacked planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center tower, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania, killing 2,752 people.

The New York Times notes “the fortress city,” many New Yorkers feared to protect against a future attacks, never came to pass.

In an op-ed published in The Wall Street Journal, Fouad Ajami, adjunct fellow at Stanford’s Hoover Institution, discusses the relationship between 9/11 and the U.S. war in Afghanistan.

Read full story.


USA to resume training Georgian troops

August 13, 2009

The United States will resume training Georgia troops to prepare them for service in Afghanistan, despite the possibility that the move could anger Russia. Pentagon officials say the training will not cover skills that would be useful for fighting Russia’s military.

Read full story.


New Afghanistan strategy

July 31, 2009

Lieutenant General Stanley A. McChrystal, the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, is preparing a new strategy for U.S. forces, calling for unconventional methods for dealing with the Taliban fighters.

McChrystal will reportedly ask for a doubling of the number of U.S. and NATO troops stationed in Afghanistan, and will call for a change in the “operational culture” of U.S. and NATO forces. He will recommend that commanders boost personal contact with Afghans, possibly living in towns and spending more time on foot patrols.

The Los Angeles Times interviews McChrystal on the assessment of military operations.

Read full story.


U.S. marines launch major Afghan offensive

July 2, 2009

MARINES

U.S. marines launched today a military offensive to retake the Helmand River Valley in south-western Afghanistan from Taliban militants.

The U.S. military says this operation is the largest since its invasion of Fallujah, Iraq, in 2004. The focus of the offensive will be bolstering local Afghan governments and protecting civilians. Pakistan says it deployed troops to a stretch of its border to prevent insurgents from fleeing across.

Reuters provides a Q&A on the new military offensive.

Read full story.


Beyond the “War on Terror”: Towards a New Transatlantic Framework for Counterterrorism

May 27, 2009

European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) Senior Policy Fellow Anthony Dworkin wrote  a strategic paper entitled Beyond the “War on Terror”: Towards a New Transatlantic Framework for Counterterrorism.

This policy paper shows how divisions with the United States of America over counterterrorism policy have been a major problem for the European Union since September 11, 2001 and how the presidency of Barack Obama offers the possibility of a new approach, based on transatlantic agreement over the core principles for fighting terrorism. The author argues that EU leaders should work with the new US administration to agree a comprehensive declaration on counterterrorism that could be signed under the Spanish EU Presidency in 2010.

To seize the opportunity provided by the new US leadership, the European Union should launch an internal review to clarify its own views about core principles for fighting terrorism as part of the preparation for a joint declaration. EU officials should also restart a dialogue on international law and counterterrorism with the United States. This would give it input into a series of US reviews, and allow Europeans to push for clarification of the US position on key questions of international humanitarian law and human rights. Finally, the author calls on European countries to quickly agree on a joint position on resettling detainees from Guantanamo and consider offering a new home to these prisoners wherever possible.

Comments can be addressed to the author directly at anthony.dworkin@ecfr.eu.

Read full story.


USA and Russia open nuclear arms reduction talks

May 19, 2009

The United States and Russia begin three days of talks today aimed at hammering out a deal to replace the 1991 START treaty and structure further cuts to their respective nuclear arsenals.

A graphic in the Economist shows how many nuclear weapons different countries have.

Read full story.


New NATO Members: Security Consumers or Producers?

April 22, 2009

The issue of burden-sharing in NATO is as relevant today as it was when the alliance was originally founded in 1949. A new study written by Colonel Joel R.  Hillison, current Director of National Security Studies in the Department of Distance Education at the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, examines how well new NATO members are contributing to the alliance.

Lessons learned apply directly to current burden-sharing debates and provide insights into future burden-sharing opportunities and challenges.

Read full story.


Afpak: Richard Holbrooke’ U.S. Strategy for South Asia

April 8, 2009

Richard Holbrooke, the U.S. special representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan, opened meetings with Indian officials today in an attempt to win support for President Barack Obama’s strategy to bring peace to the region.

Al-Jazeera reports Richard Holbrooke will meet with India’s foreign minister, to counter concerns from India that Washington favours Pakistan.

Pakistani officials have disputed that Washington shows disproportionate support for India in its bilateral relations with Pakistan, and have criticized the parameters of Holbrooke’s “Af-Pak” mission, saying a more productive assignment would include mediation of the India-Pakistan conflict in Kashmir, which foreign policy experts say is inextricably linked with terrorism in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Read full story.


Prospects for U.S.-Russian Security Cooperation

April 4, 2009

U.S.-Russian relations seem to be at an impasse. However, given these nations’ power, standing, and nuclear capability, dialogue will be resumed at some point.

An analysis of the prospects for and conditions favoring cooperation is an urgent task – crucial precisely because current relations are so difficult.

A new report edited by Dr. Stephen J. Blank, professor of National Security Affairs at the U.S. Army War College, offers both a tribute to a vision of political order based upon prior cooperation and a call to revitalize the relationship.

“Russia, despite claims made for and against its importance, remains, by any objective standard, a key player in world affairs. It possesses this standing by virtue of its geographical location, Eurasia, its proximity to multiple centers of international tension and rivalry, its possession of a large conventional and nuclear force, its energy assets, and its seat on the UN Security Council. Beyond those attributes, it is an important barometer of trends in world politics, e.g., the course of democratization in the world. Furthermore, if Russia were so disposed, it could be the abettor and/or supporter of a host of negative trends in the world today. Indeed, some American elites might argue that it already is doing so.”

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